The work aims to study the productive factors that affect the formation of ecological environment in traditional villages,and discuss how to establish a harmonious ecological relationship between the traditional villages and the artificial environment through the use of natural resources under the influence of traditional agricultural production mode. Based on the discussion of the characteristics of the utilization of natural resources in the rice industry of traditional villages in Suzhou and Wuxi, the relationship between the ecological construction featured by“village site located beside the waters, water as the bone of spatial texture, and comprehensive management of waterfront environment”and the local rice planting mode is sorted out and analyzed. In Suzhou and Wuxi, where the water network is densely distributed in the Taihu Lake Basin, the environment of local traditional village is built under the guidance of rice production, in order to meet the needs of rice production, which ensures the ecological stability and continuity of the water environment while making efficient use of the local water environment resources. This is an important embodiment of the efficient ecology of the traditional village environment in Suzhou and Wuxi.