This paper aims to analyze the design of interaction in distance learning. Based on the instructional interaction theory and combined with the concept of emotional design, the study is carried out through theorizing and case studies of distance learning of primary students. A framework for emotional interaction design for distance learning is integrated, and the educational and design theories are combined to propose four principles of emotional interaction design in the distance learning process. With distance learning becoming one of the main ways of learning under the situation of pandemic, the importance of emotional design in distance learning is emphasized in the face of online learning where teachers and students are separated temporally and spatially, reflecting the characteristics of disciplinary intersection and design innovation. Through an empirical case study of distance learning in primary school students and combined with the three levels of emotional design, it is clarified that in the design of distance learning interactions, students?? cognitive needs should be considered from the perspective of learning, and the emotional needs of distance learners should be met through the continuous improvement of interaction design to create an informed and unified distance learning experience.