Changshu lace cutwork embroidery, also known as Changshu cutwork embroidery, is a unique local arts and crafts, as well as China's famous export handicrafts. In 2007, Changshu lace cutwork embroidery was listed in the first batch of Jiangsu Province intangible cultural Heritage list. On the basis of traditional ''Jiangnan'' folk embroidery, Changshu lace absorbs European drawnwork and forms a fresh and elegant artistic style of cutwork embroidery. In its hundred years' history, it has gone through the emerging period, mature period, prosperous period and declining period. In the 1970s and 1980s, Changshu lace was in its heyday and enjoyed a high reputation in the international market. After the 1990s, with the rapid development of modern industrialization, China's traditional handicraft has been extremely affected, Changshu lace is difficult to meet the needs of the new era, thereby declining day by day. Based on detailed historical documents, through field investigation and interdisciplinary research methods such as anthropology, this paper describes the historical origin of the development of Changshu lace cutwork embroidery handicraft, analyzes the historical causes of its rise and fall in one hundred years, and elucidates the multicultural characteristics it carries in the integration of Chinese and Western cultures. Changshu lace originated from the religious spread of western missionaries in ''Jiangnan'', and the female workers' workshop in Shanghai Xujiahui Notre Dame Cathedral is the cradle of lace handicraft in ''Jiangnan'', and also the birthplace of Chinese female vocational education. As the change of social economic law of value, traditional crafts will follow the trend of the new era, further thinking in the process of globalization, how to excavate diversified value of Changshu lace products in contemporary, make modern lace craftsmanship bring new aesthetic experience and economic value to the public, and realize the innovation and transformation of contemporary arts and crafts under the social transformation.