With the vigorous development of Rural Revitalization, artists and designers have participated in it one after another, and put forward various ideas and methods of rural human settlement environment design, expecting to play an active role in intervention. However, the spontaneous design theory may be more suitable for the design of rural residential environment. Based on the "spontaneous art", the "anti design" in art design, and the experimental cases of Shijiezi village's human settlement environment transformation under the background of "Art Village Construction", the rationality of the spontaneous design theory of rural human settlement environment design and its value in the construction of rich and diversified village culture were analyzed and demonstrated. Activating "individual spontaneity" design based on "internal needs" is a possible theoretical thinking of contemporary rural human settlement environment art design.