The work aims to address the current problems of the destruction, improper protection and development of historical and cultural towns and enable the towns to achieve landscape protection and dynamic inheritance. With the historical and cultural Qikou Town in the Yellow River region as an example, various research methods such as landscape gene theory, AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), FCE (Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation), etc. are used to form a five level landscape gene extraction and evaluation system of "landscape gene identification-landscape gene extraction- landscape gene map establishment-landscape gene ranking landscape-gene status evaluation". By combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, the core landscape gene of Qikou Town is scientifically and objectively extracted, which is the dock culture. The existing problems are the lack of dock culture, chaotic functional layout, severe damage to streets and alleys, and decline of folk culture. Protection measures are proposed from a landscape perspective, in order to provide new ideas and research paths for the protection and development of other historical and cultural towns.