The work aims to study the narrative thinking and fictional object in the social science fiction, trying to trace the spirit of science fiction works and exploring their significance beyond aesthetics and entertainment. The definition of social science fiction, an existing sub-genre of science fiction, is enriched and improved and its common characteristics are summarized and divided into four different categories. The narration of social science fiction is completed within the interactive relationship between future envisioning and thought experiments. The humanistic and social issues that point to reality are transformed into the narration of science fiction through two narrative modes, "the Genesis" and "the Butterfly Effect". Fictional design objects concretize future envisioning and improve the details of the fictional world which is constructed by science fiction narratives. In order to clarify the value system of social science fiction and its significance to reality, the historical origins of the two narrative orientations in social science fiction are traced, and the contemporary perspective from utopia to dystopia is used to arrange various subordinate concepts of social science fiction, figuring out the overall reflection of social science fiction on reality, as well as the constructive value, critical value and speculative value of its different categories.