By analyzing relevant literature on metaphor understanding at home and abroad, the work aims to explore the influencing factors of interface metaphor features on users' understanding of the interface. Firstly, relevant concepts, classification features and development history of metaphor understanding are analyzed and summarized by literature research to get the theoretical knowledge structure about interface metaphor understanding. Secondly, literature on metaphor understanding in the past 30 years at home and abroad is sorted out to get the application classification of related disciplines. Finally, 1 187 pieces of literature are analyzed from five aspects, namely, subject selection, research purpose, metaphor type, measurement method, and research results, through text analysis, so as to extract the influencing factors of interface metaphor processing. With the rapid development of human-computer interaction technology and the popularization of intelligent terminals, interactive interface design shows the trend of intuitive and emotional development, and metaphorical design is proved to be beneficial to provide user understanding and feedback. Related theoretical knowledge structure is sorted out to provide a reliable theoretical basis for interface design to better comply with the development needs of interface design.